Don't be left out in the cold

By SUKI REED / For THE ORANGE COUNTY REGISTER

By the time Southern California begins to see cold weather, most states are already buried in snow.

Some say we never see cold weather, but the truth is we see so little cold weather that many people are unprepared for it when it finally arrives.

Failure to prepare for cold weather can make winter hiking and backpacking trips unpleasant and even dangerous.

Dress to stay warm and be prepared to add or remove layers as your level of activity or the weather changes.

The first layer of clothing when dressing for cold weather is thermal underwear. Because you may sweat, this first layer should provide wicking to keep moisture off the skin where it can freeze. Cotton is not a wicking material because it captures moisture in the fabric which can give you an after-exercise chill. Common materials for the base layer are high-tech synthetics, silk or wool blends.

The second layer should provide insulation to retain body heat. Materials used for this are usually fleece, down or wool.

The third and final layer is the outer shell. This is the layer that is exposed to the elements. Popular material for the outer layer consists of gortex or other waterproof nylons.

Hydration and nutritional needs are also different in the cold. The body burns more calories to stay warm and needs more fluid to metabolize nutrients effectively. Carry high calorie food and eat frequently.

Keep your water supply from freezing. Start the hike with heated water, storing it inside your pack and using an insulated hydration hose.

Avoid eating snow as a source of water because the body has to expend more energy to warm it in your tummy. If you need water, melt and warm the snow before drinking.

Winter sun poses a greater risk for sunburn and snow blindness. Snow blindness, or sunburn of the eye tissues, is caused by overexposure to ultraviolet rays reflected from snow, water, dirt or even sand. It is painful and dangerous. In severe cases it can result in blindness.

Wear sunscreen with a high SPF (such as a zinc oxide).

Wear good UV sunglasses to prevent burning your eyeballs through "snow blindness."

Wear Chap Stick to protect lips.

A hat may not protect you fully because UV rays are reflecting off the ground.

By being aware and prepared on the trail, you can enjoy exquisite winter beauty. To join some winter hikes, you can join the OC Hiking Club for free at www.oc-hiking.com

Layering for cold weather warmth:

Suki Reed is president of the OC Hiking Club